PREFACE TO THE SIXTH EDITION
16
PREFACE TO THE FIFTH EDITION
17
PREFACE TO THE FOURTH EDITION
19
PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION
20
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION
21
FOREWORD TO THE FIRST EDITION
22
A NOTE FOR THE FACULTY OF LAW AND POLITICAL SCIENCES STUDENTS
27
CHAPTER 1: SOCIAL ORDER RULES
1.5. Comparison of Social Order Rules
43
1.6. The Relationship among Social Order Rules
45
1.6.1. The Relationship between Law and Religious Rules
46
1.6.2. The Relationship between Law and Moral Rules
47
1.6.3. The Relationship between Law and Customary Rules
50
2.1. Main Objectives of Law
52
2.2. Main Types of Legal Sanctions
53
2.3. Characteristics of Legal Rules
53
3.2. Codes (Acts, Laws, Bills and Statutes)
56
3.3. International Treaties
56
3.4. Presidential Decrees
57
3.6. Other Delegated Legislation (Subordinate Legislation)
59
FILL IN THE BLANKS QUESTIONS
64
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY/FURTHER READING
65
CHAPTER 2: SYSTEMS OF LAW
1.1. Common Law System
75
1.2.1. Comparison between Common Law and Civil Law
81
1.3. Religious Law System
82
2.2. Legal Positivism & Natural Law
84
2.3. Domestic Law & International Law
85
2.4. Substantive Law & Procedural Law
88
FILL IN THE BLANKS QUESTIONS
91
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY/FURTHER READING
92
CHAPTER 3: APPLICATION OF LEGAL RULES
1. APPLICATION OF LEGAL RULES
98
1.1. Ascertaining the Applicable Rules
98
1.2. Determining Facts
99
1.3. Applying the Relevant Provisions of Rule
100
1.3.2. Argumentum a Contrario
101
1.3.3. Analogy (Argumentum a pari)
101
2. BURDEN OF PROOF AND PRESUMPTIONS
102
2.1.1. Burden of Proof in Criminal Cases
103
2.1.2. Burden of Proof in Civil Cases
103
2.2.1. Statutory Presumption
105
2.2.2. Rebuttable Presumption
105
2.2.3. Irrebuttable Presumption
107
3. INTERPRETATION OF LEGAL RULES
107
3.1. Textual Interpretation
108
3.2. Historical Interpretation
109
3.3. Logical Interpretation
110
3.4. Teleological Interpretation
110
3.5. Unrestricted Interpretation
111
FILL IN THE BLANKS QUESTIONS
114
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY/FURTHER READING
115
CHAPTER 4: BRANCHES OF LAW
1. CORPUS IURIS CIVILIS
120
2. CRITERIA FOR THE DIVISION OF PUBLIC–PRIVATE LAW
124
2.1. Benefit Criterion
124
2.2. Free Will Criterion
125
2.3. Sovereignty Criterion
125
2.4. Equality Criterion
126
FILL IN THE BLANKS QUESTIONS
130
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY/FURTHER READING
131
CHAPTER 5: CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
1. DEFINITION OF CONSTITUTION
135
1.1. Contents of the Constitution
137
1.1.1. Preliminary Chapter (or Preamble)
137
1.1.2. General Principles Chapter
139
1.1.3. Institutions of the State Chapter
139
1.1.4. Fundamental Rights and Freedoms Chapter
142
1.1.5. Effectiveness and Amendment Chapter
143
1.2. EssentialsRequisites of a Good Constitution
145
2. CLASSIFICATION OF CONSTITUTIONS
146
2.1. Unwritten and Written Constitutions
147
2.1.1. Merits and Demerits of Unwritten Constitutions
148
2.1.2. Merits and Demerits of Written Constitutions
150
2.2. Soft and Rigid Constitution
151
2.2.1. Merits and Demerits of Soft Constitutions
151
2.2.2. Merits and Demerits of Rigid Constitutions
152
2.3. Frame and Regular Constitution
153
3. CONSTITUTIONALISM IN THE WORLD AND TÜRKİYE
154
3.1. The History of Constitutionalism in the World
155
3.2. The Constitutional History of Türkiye
159
FILL IN THE BLANKS QUESTIONS
167
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY/FURTHER READING
168
CHAPTER 6: ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
1. THE CONCEPT OF ADMINISTRATION
174
1.1. Division of Public–Private Administration
175
1.1.1. The Way of Establishment
175
1.1.2. The Purpose of Establishment/Activity
175
1.1.3. The Determination of Activity Areas
175
1.1.4. The Exercise of Public Power
176
1.1.5. The Principle of Equality
176
1.1.6. The Principle of Legality
176
1.1.7. The Way of Termination
176
2. THE BIRTH OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW IN FRANCE AND TÜRKİYE
176
2.1. The Birth of Administrative Law in France
177
2.2. The Birth of Administrative Law in Türkiye
178
2.3. The Features of Administrative Law
179
3. CONSTITUTIONAL PRINCIPLES OF TURKISH ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE
180
3.2. Decentralisation
182
3.3. The Integrity of the Administration
183
3.3.2. Administrative Tutelage
185
3.3.3. Devolution of Powers
186
FILL IN THE BLANKS QUESTIONS
191
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY/FURTHER READING
192
2. TURKISH TAXATION SYSTEM
201
2.2. Substantive Tax Law
203
2.2.1. Personal Income Tax
203
2.2.2. Corporate Income Tax
205
2.2.3. Taxes on Goods and Services
205
2.2.4. Taxes on Property
209
FILL IN THE BLANKS QUESTIONS
214
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY/FURTHER READING
215
CHAPTER 8: INTERNATIONAL LAW
1. THE CONCEPT OF THE STATE
222
1.1. The State and Society
223
1.2. The State and Nation
225
1.3. The State and Government
226
2. THE ELEMENTS OF THE STATE
227
2.1.1. Background Note on Aegean Disputes Between Türkiye and
2.3.1. Internal Sovereignty & External Sovereignty
238
2.3.2. Real Sovereignty & Nominal Sovereignty
238
2.3.3. Legal Sovereignty & Political Sovereignty & Popular Sovereignty
238
2.3.4. De Jure Sovereignty & De Facto Sovereignty
239
3. THE THEORIES OF THE STATE
240
3.1. Voluntaristic Theories
240
3.2. Theory of the Contract
241
3.4. Environmental Circumion
243
3.5. Political Evolution
244
FILL IN THE BLANKS QUESTIONS
247
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY/FURTHER READING
248
1. THE DEFINITION OF CRIMINAL LAW
255
2. MAJOR ASPECTS OF CRIMINAL LAW
255
2.1. Definition of Crimes
255
2.4. Principle of Non–Retroactivity
267
3. THE AIMS OF PUNISHMENT
267
FILL IN THE BLANKS QUESTIONS
273
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY/FURTHER READING
274
1. TURKISH CIVIL CODE
280
1.1. Preliminary Chapter (Articles 1–7)
280
1.2. Book One (Articles 8–117): Law of Persons
283
1.2.1. Classification of Persons
283
1.2.2. Beginning and End of Personality
284
1.3. Book Two (Articles 118–494): Family Law
288
1.4. Book Three (Articles 495–682): Law of Succession
295
1.4.1. Intestate Succession
296
1.4.2. Testate Succession
297
1.4.3. Agreement of Inheritance
298
1.4.4. Limit of Free Will
298
1.4.5. Reserved Portions
298
1.4.6. Disclaim of Inheritance
299
1.5. Book Four (Articles 683–1027): Law of Property
299
2. TURKISH LAW OF OBLIGATIONS
300
2.2. Illegal Acts (Torts)
300
2.3. Unjust Enrichments
301
FILL IN THE BLANKS QUESTIONS
304
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY/FURTHER READING
305
CHAPTER 11: COMMERCIAL LAW
1. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF COMMERCIAL LAW
309
2. TURKISH COMMERCIAL CODE
311
2.1. Preliminary Chapter (Articles 1–10)
312
2.2. Book One (Article 11–123): Commercial (Business) Enterprises
315
2.3. Book Two (Article 124–644): Business Associations (Corporate Law)
317
2.3.1. Collective Company
318
2.3.2. Commandite Company
319
2.3.3. Joint Stock Company
319
2.3.4. Limited Companies
320
2.4. Book Three (Article 645–849): Commercial Papers
320
2.5. Book Four (Article 850–930): Transport Business
322
2.6. Book Five (Article 931–1400): Maritime Law
322
2.7. Book Six (Article 1401–1535): Insurance Law
323
FILL IN THE BLANKS QUESTIONS
326
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY/FURTHER READING
327
CHAPTER 12: PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW
2. LAW OF NATIONALITY
335
3. LAW OF ALIENS (FOREIGNERS)
338
FILL IN THE BLANKS QUESTIONS
347
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY/FURTHER READING
348
CHAPTER 13: PROCEDURAL LAW
1. THE LAW OF CIVIL PROCEDURE
352
2. THE LAW OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
354
3. THE LAW OF ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE
362
FILL IN THE BLANKS QUESTIONS
368
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY/FURTHER READING
369
CHAPTER 14: BRANCHES OF LAW WHERE PUBLIC AND
PRIVATE LAW CHARACTERISTICS ARE MIXED
1.1. Individual Labour Law
375
1.1.1. Contract of Employment
376
1.1.2. Types of Employment Contracts
377
1.1.3. Termination of Labour Contracts
377
1.1.4. Obligations and Duties of Employer
381
1.1.5. Obligations and Duties of Employee
383
1.2. Collective Labour Law
383
1.3. Labour Judiciary
385
FILL IN THE BLANKS QUESTIONS
396
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY/FURTHER READING
397
ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF THE POLITICAL ENTITIES AND
CORRESPONDING LEGAL SYSTEMS
399