ACCOUNTING AND/OR AUDIT SCANDALS
31
1. The Relationship Between Accounting and Auditing
32
2. Some of the Top Accounting/Auditing Scandals of Our Time
35
2.3. Waste Management Scandal
43
2.7. Lehman Brothers Scandal
48
3. Regulations Made After the Scandals
51
3.1. International Regulatory Bodies and Standards
52
3.2. Sarbanes–Oxley (SOX) Act
58
3.3. Impact of Scandals on Independent Audit in Türkiye
62
4. Looking Behind the Scene: A Closer Look at the Wirecard Scandal
65
CURRENT DEBATES ON AUDIT
77
1. A Panoramic View of the Global Audit Industry
80
2. Is the Audit Really Independent?
89
3. Is Financial Audit a Sufficient Instrument to Prevent Scandals?
100
4. PCAOB’s Proposal: Non–Compliance with Laws and Regulations (NOCLAR)
103
5. Objections to PCAOB's Proposal
105
6. How Should We Understand the Strong Opposition to NOCLAR?
108
CHALLENGES IN IMPLEMENTING INTOSAI AUDITING STANDARDS AND PROPOSED SOLUTIONS
115
2. The INTOSAI Framework of Professional Pronouncements (IFPP)
121
3. Types of Public–Sector Audit and Basic Elements of Public–Sector Auditing
125
4. Challenges in Implementing INTOSAI Auditing Standards and Proposed Solutions
129
4.1. Financial Audit Standards
129
4.2. Compliance Audit Standards
138
4.3. Performance Audit Standards
144
ON THE INCONSISTENCIES OF FINANCIAL AUDIT
157
1. Philosophy of Financial Audit
160
2. Inconsistencies of Financial Audit
164
2.1. Repeatability and Efficiency Dilemma
165
2.2. The Challenge of Designing Audit Procedures in a Double–Entry Accounting System
170
2.3. The Challenge of Deriving Qualitative Results from Quantitative Analysis: Auditor's Responses to the Assessed Risks
178
2.4. The Conundrum in Calculating Audit Risk
184
2.5. Key Audit Matters: Towards Another Audit Type?
195
EPILOGUE: SOME REMARKS ON THE PHILOSOPHY OF AUDITING
209
A DIALOGUE ON THE RELEVANCE OF AUDIT
221