Introduction to Turkish Law Prof. Dr. Mehmet Refik Korkusuz, Doç. Dr. Ferna İpekel Kayalı - Kitap

Introduction to Turkish Law

1. Baskı, 
Kasım 2016
Kitabın Detayları
Dili:
Türkçe
Ebat:
16x24
Sayfa:
424
Barkod:
9789750240188
Kapak Türü:
Karton Kapaklı
Yayınevi:
Seçkin Yayıncılık
Baskısı tükenmiştir.
Kitabın Açıklaması
Turkish law has undergone drastic changes over the last 15 years. Indeed, new laws have been enacted and several laws have been amended to modernize and bring Turkish legislation in line with the EU acquis communautaire. For this reason, this book aims to provide an overview of the current Turkish public and private law. It aspires to serve as a blueprint not only for foreign students and academics, but also for international law firms and organizations. Great care has been given to incorporate the most recent legislation, Supreme Court decisions, and statistical information.
This book is divided into two main parts. Part 1, entitled "Public Law", includes nine chapters and covers Fundamental Elements of Turkish Constitutional Law, Human Rights Protection from the Perspective of the 1982 Constitution, Administrative Law, Administrative Jurisdiction, Criminal and Criminal Procedure Law, Tax Law, Public International Law, Turkish Legal History and Philosophy and Sociology of Law.
Part 2, entitled "Private Law", includes fifteen chapters and deals with Civil Law, Individual Labour Law, Collective Labour Law, Social Securitv Law, Law on Occupational Health and Safety, Law of Commercial Enterprise, Company Law, Law of Negotiable Instruments, Maritime Law, Insurance Law, Intellectual Property Law, Civil Procedure Law, Execution Law, Bankruptcy and Insolvency Law and Private International Law.
Kitabın Konu Başlıkları
.
Fundamental Elements Of Turkish Constitutional Law, Res. Asst. Feyzan Özbay, Res. Asst. Sezen Kama
.
Human Rights Protection From The Perspective Of The 1982 Constitution, Asst. Prof. Dr. Murat Tümay, Res. Asst. Feyzan Özbay, Res. Asst. Sezen Kama
.
Turkish Administrative Law, Res. Asst. Dr. Halil Altındağ, Res. Asst. Ömer Faruk Erol, Res. Asst. Emre Kılıç
.
Turkish Administrative Jurisdiction, Res. Asst. Dr. Halil Altındağ, Res. Asst. İ. Esra Dülger Sucu, Res. Asst. Kasım Ocak
.
Turkish Criminal Law And Criminal Procedure Law, Prof. Dr. Dr. H.C. Hakan Hakeri
.
Turkish Tax Law, Res. Asst. Emine Sevcan Artun, Res. Asst. Ahmet Emrah Geçer, Res. Asst. Arzu Kalyon
.
Public International Law, Asst. Prof. Dr. Tülay Yıldırım Res. Asst. Miray Azaklı Köse
.
Turkish Legal History, Asst. Prof. Dr. Saliha Okur Gümrükçüoğlu
.
Turkish Philosophy Of Law And Sociology Of Law, Res. Asst. Ercan Er
.
Turkish Civil Law, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ümit Gezder, Res. Asst. Yasin Büyük, Res. Asst. M. Hasanali Akay, Res. Asst. Melike Ergün
.
Turkish Individual Labour Law, Prof. Dr. M. Refik Korkusuz, Res. Asst. Ömer Uğur
.
Turkish Collective Labour Law, Prof. Dr. M. Refik Korkusuz, Res. Asst. Muhammed İsmail Çekiç
.
Turkish Social Security Law, Prof. Dr. M. Refik Korkusuz, Res. Asst. Ebru Karabacak
.
Turkish Law On Occupational Health And Safety, Prof. Dr. M. Refik Korkusuz, Asst. Prof. Dr. M. Halit Korkusuz
.
Law Of Commercial Enterprise, Res. Asst. Emin Çamurcu
.
Turkish Company Law, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ferna İpekel Kayalı
.
Turkish Law Of Negotiable Instruments, Res. Asst. Hasan Onur Akay
.
Turkish Maritime Law, Asst. Prof. Dr. Hacı Kara
.
Turkish Insurance Law, Assoc. Prof. Dr. M. Barış Günay
.
Turkish Intellectual Property Law, Res. Asst. Dr. Özgür Arıkan
.
Turkish Civil Procedure Law, Res. Asst. Elif Irmak Kılıç
.
Turkish Execution Law, Res. Asst. Nefise Gökçen Gürcan
.
Turkish Bankruptcy And Insolvency Law, Res. Asst. Mehmet Akif Gül
.
Turkish Private International Law, Res. Asst. Kazım Çınar
Kitapla İlgili Kategoriler
Yorumlar
Kitabın İçindekileri
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORD 
5
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS 
7
TABLE OF CONTENTS 
11
PUBLIC LAW
CHAPTER 1:
FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENTS OF TURKISH CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
Res. Asst. Feyzan ÖZBAY, Res. Asst. Sezen KAMA 
35
INTRODUCTION 
35
SECTION I: HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE TURKISH CONSTITUTIONALIST MOVEMENT 
36
SECTION II: THE LEGISLATURE 
39
I. The Composition of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey 
39
A. Eligibility Criteria d to Become a Deputy 
40
B. Parliamentary Privileges 
41
II. Functions and Powers of the GNAT 
42
A. Enacting Laws 
43
B. Parliamentary Oversight 
43
SECTION III THE EXECUTIVE 
45
I. Elements of the Executive 
45
A. President 
45
B. The Prime Minister (PM) 
46
C. The Council of Ministers (The CoM) 
47
II. Legal Status 
48
A. Privileges and Immunities 
48
B. Ministerial Responsibility 
48
1. Political Responsibility 
49
2. Criminal Responsibility 
49
3. Legal Responsibility 
49
SECTION IV THE JUDICIARY 
50
I. Organization of the Judiciary 
50
A. Judicial (Civil and Criminal) Courts 
50
B. Administrative and Tax Courts 
51
C. Military Courts 
52
D. The Constitutional Court 
52
E. The Court of Accounts 
53
II. Judicial Independence 
54
A. Independence of Judges 
54
B. Tenure of Judges 
54
C. Principle of Natural Judge 
55
BIBLIOGRAPHY 
56
CHAPTER 2
HUMAN RIGHTS PROTECTION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE 1982 CONSTITUTION
Asst. Prof. Dr. Murat TÜMAY, Res. Asst. Feyzan ÖZBAY, Res. Asst. Sezen KAMA 
57
I. General Constitutional Framework 
57
II. Limitations to Fundamental Rights 
59
II. Derogations to Human Rights 
60
III. Individual Application to the Constitutional Court 
61
BIBLIOGRAPHY 
64
CHAPTER 3
TURKISH ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
Res. Asst. Dr. Halil ALTINDAĞ, Res. Asst. Ömer Faruk EROL,
Res. Asst. Emre KILIÇ 
65
I. Turkish Administrative Organization 
65
A. Central Administration 
66
1. President of the Republic 
66
a. Election 
66
b. Duties and Powers 
67
2. Council of Ministers 
68
B. Decentralization 
68
1. Territorial Decentralization (Local Administrations) 
68
a. Special Provincial Administration (İl Özel İdaresi) 
69
aa. General Provincial Council (İl Genel Meclisi) 
70
ab. Provincial Executive Committee (İl Encümeni) 
70
ac. Governor (Vali) 
70
b. Municipality (Belediye) 
70
ba. Municipal Council (Belediye Meclisi) 
71
bb. Municipal Executive Committee (Belediye Encümeni) 
71
bc. The Mayor (Belediye Başkanı) 
72
c. Metropolitan Municipality (Büyükşehir Belediyesi) 
72
d. Village Administration (Köy İdaresi) 
73
2. Decentralization Based on Services 
74
a. Institutions of Higher Education (Yüksek Öğretim Kurumları) 
74
b. Regulatory and Supervision Agencies (Düzenleyici ve Denetleyici Kurumlar) 
74
d. Presidency of Religious Affairs (Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı) 
75
II. Activities of Administration 
75
A. Public Services 
75
B. Administrative Police 
76
III. Powers of Administration 
77
A. Administrative Acts 
77
1. Administrative Regulations 
78
2. Individual Administrative Acts 
78
B. Administrative Contracts 
78
C. Administrative Actions 
79
D. Law on Public Procurement 
79
1. Basic Legislation on Public Procurement 
80
2. Procurement Procedures 
81
a. The Law No 2886 
81
b. The Law No 4734 
82
3. Objection to Procurement 
82
a. Complaint Application to the Contracting Authority (Şikayet) 
83
b. Appeal Application to the Public Procurement Authority (İtirazen Şikayet) 
83
E. Administrative Sanctions 
83
1. Definition of Administrative Sanction and Primary Legislation 
83
2. Basic Principles Regarding Administrative Sanctions 
84
3. Judicial Review of Administrative Sanctions 
84
BIBLIOGRAPHY 
86
CHAPTER 4
TURKISH ADMINISTRATIVE JURISDICTION
Res. Asst. Dr. Halil ALTINDAĞ, Res. Asst. İ. Esra Dülger SUCU,
Res. Asst. Kasım OCAK 
87
I. General 
87
II. Organization of Administrative Jurisdiction 
87
A. Council of State 
88
B. High Military Administrative Court 
89
C. Regional Administrative Courts 
89
D. Administrative Courts 
89
E. Tax Courts 
89
III. Administrative Litigation 
90
A. Action for Annulment 
90
B. Action of Full Jurisdiction 
91
IV. Suspension of Execution 
92
V. Time Limit to Bring a Case 
92
BIBLIOGRAPHY 
94
CHAPTER 5
TURKISH CRIMINAL LAW AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LAW
Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Hakan HAKERİ 
95
I. INTRODUCTION 
95
II. GENERAL PART OF THE PENAL CODE 
96
III. SPECIAL PART OF THE PENAL CODE (CRIMES) 
100
IV. CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LAW 
103
BIBLIOGRAPHY 
108
CHAPTER 6
TURKISH TAX LAW
Res. Asst. Emine Sevcan ARTUN, Res. Asst. Ahmet Emrah GEÇER,
Res. Asst. Arzu KALYON 
109
SECTION I GENERAL TAX LAW 
109
I. DEFINITIONS AND SOURCES OF THE TAX LAW 
109
A. Definition of Tax Law 
109
B. Sources of Tax Law 
109
1. Binding Sources of Tax Law 
110
a. The Constitution 
110
b. Tax Codes 
111
c. International Tax Treaties 
111
d. Statutory Decrees 
111
e. Other Binding Sources 
111
2. Non–binding Sources of Tax Law 
112
II. TAXATION PROCESS 
112
A. Taxable Event 
113
B. Assessment of Tax 
113
1. Complementary Tax Assessment 
114
2. Ex– Officio Tax Assessment 
114
3. Tax Assessment by the Administration 
114
C. Notification of Tax 
114
D. Accrual of Tax 
115
E. Collection of Tax 
115
III. TAX OFFENCES 
115
A. General 
115
B. Tax Misdemeanors 
116
1. Irregularity Misdemeanors 
116
2. Tax Loss Misdemeanors 
117
C. Tax Crimes 
117
1. Tax Evasion 
117
2. Breach of Tax Secrecy 
117
3. Conducting Personal Affairs of Taxpayers 
118
IV. TAX PROCEDURE LAW 
118
A. General 
118
B. Tax–Related Courts 
119
1. Tax Courts 
120
2. Regional Administrative Courts 
120
3. The Council of State 
120
C. Tax Trial Procedure 
121
V. TAX ENFORCEMENT LAW 
123
A. General 
123
B. Compulsory Execution Proceeding 
123
C. Measures of Conservation 
124
1. Pre–emptive Right 
124
2. Request for a Guarantee 
124
3. Precautionary Accrual (İhtiyati Tahakkuk) 
125
4. Precautionary Attachment (İhtiyati Haciz) 
125
5. Nullity Proceedings 
126
VI. INTERNATIONAL TAX LAW 
126
A. General 
126
B. States’ Jurisdiction to Tax 
127
C. Legal Nature of International Tax Treaties in Turkish Law 
127
D. The Notion of Double Taxation 
128
E. The Issue of Double Non–Taxation: Tax Evasion and Tax Avoidance 
129
SECTION II TURKISH TAXATION SYSTEM 
130
I. DIRECT TAXATION 
130
A. Income Tax for Real Persons 
130
B. Corporate Tax 
131
1. Thin Capitalization 
131
2. Transfer Pricing 
132
II. Indirect Taxation 
132
A. Value Added Tax 
132
B. Stamp Tax 
133
C. Motor Vehicles Tax 
134
D. Banking and Insurance Transaction Tax (BITT) 
134
E. Gambling Tax 
134
F. Inheritance and Gift Tax 
134
G. Property Tax 
135
H. Special Communication Tax 
135
İ. Customs Tax 
135
J. Fees 
135
K. Special Consumption Tax 
135
BIBLIOGRAPHY 
136
CHAPTER 7
PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW
Asst. Prof. Dr. Tülay YILDIRIM, Res. Asst. Miray AZAKLI KÖSE 
137
SECTION I USE OF FORCE BY STATES 
137
I. The Prohibition on the Use of Force 
137
II. The Right of Self–Defense 
139
III. The Scope of Self–Defense 
140
IV. AnticipatoryPre–Emptive Self–Defense 
141
V. Collective Self–Defense 
142
VI. Humanitarian Intervention 
143
VII. The Responsibility to Protect 
144
VIII. The Use of Force Under Chapter VII of the Charter 
145
SECTION II INTERNATIONAL LAW OF STATE RESPONSIBILITY 
147
I. The Source of Responsibility: The Internationally Wrongful Act of A State 
148
A. Attribution of Conduct to A State 
148
B. Breach of an International Obligation 
149
C. Circumstances Precluding Wrongfulness 
149
1. Consent 
150
2. Self–Defense 
150
3. Countermeasures 
150
4. Force–majeure and Distress 
151
5. Necessity 
151
II. Consequences of an Internationally Wrongful Act 
152
A. Restitution 
152
B. Compensation 
153
C. Satisfaction 
153
III. Serious Breaches of Obligations Under Peremptory Norms 
153
BIBLIOGRAPHY 
154
CHAPTER 8
TURKISH LEGAL HISTORY
Asst. Prof. Dr. Saliha Okur GÜMRÜKÇÜOĞLU 
155
I. General 
155
II. Historical Development of Turkish Law 
155
A. Turkish Law before Islam 
155
B. Turkish Law after Islam 
156
1. Islamic Law 
156
2. Legal Schools in Islamic Law 
157
3. Ottoman Law 
157
a. The Ottoman Judicial System 
158
b. The Ottoman Judical System after Tanzimat 
159
BIBLIOGRAPHY 
160
CHAPTER 9
TURKISH PHILOSOPHY OF LAW AND SOCIOLOGY OF LAW
Res. Asst. Ercan ER 
161
SECTION I NATURE AND IMPORTANCE OF PHILOSOPHY OF LAW 
161
I. Nature of Philosophy of Law 
161
II. Importance of Philosophy of Law 
162
A. Theoretical Importance of Philosophy of Law 
162
B. Practical Importance of Philosophy of Law 
163
SECTION II MAIN IDEOLOGIES WHICH DETERMINE THE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS OF PHILOSOPHY OF LAW 
164
I. Theories Embodied by Moral Content of Law 
164
II. Theories Embodied by Normativity of Law 
164
III. Theories Embodied by Social Facts Determining Law 
165
BIBLIOGRAPHY 
166
PRIVATE LAW
CHAPTER 10
TURKISH CIVIL LAW
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ümit GEZDER, Res. Asst. Yasin BÜYÜK,
Res. Asst. M. Hasanali AKAY, Res. Asst. Melike ERGÜN 
169
I. HISTORY 
169
II. INTRODUCTION 
170
III. LAW OF PERSONS 
170
A. Beginning and End of Personality: 
171
B. Ability to be Subject of the Rights and Obligations: 
171
C. Capacity to Act: 
171
1. Full Capacity (Art. 9–13) 
172
2. Full Incapacity (Art. 15) 
172
3. Limited Capacity (Art. 16) 
173
IV. FAMILY LAW 
173
A. Engagement 
174
B. Marriage 
174
1. Formalities of Marriage 
174
2. Marriage Impediments (TCC Art. 129–133) 
175
C. Divorce 
176
V. LAW OF SUCCESSION 
177
A. Forced Heirs 
177
1. Wills and Testamentary Contracts 
177
VI. PROPERTY LAW 
178
A. Generally 
178
1. Property Right 
178
B. Immovable property 
178
C. Real Rights (Rights in Rem) 
179
1. Limited Rights in rem 
179
a. Servitudes 
179
b. Real burdens 
179
ba. Lien 
179
bb. Mortgage 
179
D. Possession 
180
E. Land register 
180
VII. TURKISH OBLIGATION LAW – GENERAL PROVISIONS 
180
A. Contracts 
181
1. Capacity to Contract 
181
2. Formation of the Contract 
181
3. Conditions of Validity 
182
a. Immorality 
182
b. Public Order 
182
c. Imperative Rules 
183
d. Personal Rights 
183
e. Impossibility 
183
4. Form of the Contract 
183
5. Genuineness of Assent 
184
a. Mistake 
184
b. Fraud 
185
c. Coercion 
185
B. Torts 
185
1. General 
185
2. Conditions 
185
3. Compensation 
186
C. Unjust Enrichment 
186
VIII. SPECIAL PROVISIONS 
186
A. CLASSIFICATION OF CONTRACTS THAT ARE REGULATED BY SPECIAL PROVISIONS 
186
1. Classification of contracts by their subject and purpose. 
186
a. Sales Contracts 
186
b. Barter Contracts 
187
c. Donation Contracts 
187
d. Other types of contracts 
187
da. Rental Contracts 
187
db. Contract of Loan of an Object for Use and Contract of Loan of an Object for Consume 
187
e. Contracts of bailment 
188
f. Contracts of guarantee 
188
2. Contracts that are not regulated in the Code 
188
a. Combined Contracts 
188
b. Mixed Contracts 
188
BIBLIOGRAPHY 
189
CHAPTER 11
TURKISH INDIVIDUAL LABOUR LAW
Prof. Dr. M. Refik KORKUSUZ, Res. Asst. Ömer UĞUR 
191
SECTION I GENERAL 
191
I. Basic Concepts of Individual Labour Law 
191
SECTION II TYPES OF CONTRACT OF EMPLOYMENT 
193
I. General 
193
II. Transitory and Continual Contract of Employment 
193
A. Transitory Contract of Employment 
193
B. Continual Contract of Employment 
193
C. Results of the Division 
194
III. Contract of Employment with Indefinite Term and Definite Term 
194
A. Contract of Employment with Indefinite Term 
194
B. Contract of Employment with Definite Term 
194
1. Legal ments of the Contract of Employment with Definite Term 
195
IV. Part Time and Full Time Contract of Employment 
196
V. Contract of Employment with Trial Clause 
196
SECTION III TERMINATION OF CONTRACT OF EMPLOYMENT 
198
III. Situations that Terminates the Contract of Employment 
198
A. Mutual Rescission 
198
B. End of the Fixed Term 
198
C. Death 
199
II. Termination of the Contract of Employment with Notice 
199
A. General 
199
B. Termination Notice Periods 
199
C. Pay in Lieu of Notice 
200
III. Termination of the Contract of Employment with Notice that Contains a Valid Ground 
201
A. General 
201
B. Valid Grounds for Termination 
201
C. Reemployment Lawsuit 
202
IV. Rightful Termination of the Contract of Employment 
202
A. General 
203
B. Termination of Contract by Employees 
203
1. Health issues 
203
2. Situations that are against the moral rules and good faith 
203
3. Act of providence 
204
C. Termination of Contract by Employers 
205
1. Health issues 
205
2. Situations that are against the moral rules and good faith 
205
3. Act of providence 
206
4. Absence of employee due to arrestmentcustody 
207
BIBLIOGRAPHY 
208
CHAPTER 12
TURKISH COLLECTIVE LABOUR LAW
Prof. Dr. M. Refik KORKUSUZ, Res. Asst. Muhammed İsmail ÇEKİÇ 
209
SECTION I GENERAL INFORMATION 
209
SECTION II TRADE UNIONS 
211
I. General 
211
A. Definition and Formation 
211
B. Membership 
212
C. Organs 
212
II. Freedom of Association 
213
A. Aspects of the Freedom of Association 
213
B. Individual Freedom of Association 
213
1. “Positive” Freedom of Association 
213
2. “Negative” Freedom of Association 
213
C. Collective Freedom of Association 
214
III. Protection 
214
A. Protection of workers’ trade union management (İşçi kuruluşu yöneticiliğinin güvencesi) 
214
B. Protection of shop stewards (İşyeri sendika temsilciliğinin güvencesi) 
214
C. Guarantee of freedom of trade union 
214
1. Discrimination During Employment 
215
2. Discrimination Regarding Working Conditions 
215
3. Discrimination Regarding Termination 
215
IV. Dissolution of Trade Unions 
215
SECTION III COLLECTIVE LABOUR AGREEMENT 
216
I. General 
216
A. Types of CLA 
216
1. Workplace CLA 
216
2. Management CLA 
216
3. Group CLA 
217
B. CLA Capacity and Power 
217
C. Collective Bargaining Process (Toplu Görüşme Süreci) 
218
1. Invitation to Collective Bargaining 
218
2. Commencement and Period of Collective Bargaining 
218
3. Disputes During Collective Bargaining 
218
D. Strike and Lock–Out 
219
1. General 
219
2. Lawful Strike and Lock–Out 
219
3. Strike Vote 
220
4. Prohibitions of Strikes and Lock–Outs 
220
5. Execution of Strike and Lock–Out 
220
6. Effects of a Lawful StrikeLock–Out on Contracts of Employment 
221
7. Consequences of an Unlawful StrikeLock–Out 
221
8. Decision to End a StrikeLock–Out 
221
BIBLIOGRAPHY 
223
CHAPTER 13
TURKISH SOCIAL SECURITY LAW
Prof. Dr. M. Refik KORKUSUZ, Res. Asst. Ebru KARABACAK 
225
I. CONCEPT OF SOCIAL INSURANCE 
225
II. TECHNIQUES USED FOR SOCIAL INSURANCE 
225
II. QUALIFICATIONS OF SOCIAL INSURANCE 
226
IV. THE SOCIAL INSURANCE INSTITUTION 
227
V. FINANCING OF SOCIAL SECURITY 
228
VI. INDIVIDUALS WHO ARE CONSIDERED TO BE INSURED 
229
A. Insurance of Individuals Working Dependently 
229
1. Individuals who are considered to be fully insured 
229
2. Individuals who are considered to be partially insured 
229
B. Insurance of Independent Workers 
230
C. Insurance of Public Servants 
230
VII. INDIVIDUALS NOT DEEMED TO BE INSURANCE HOLDERS 
230
VIII. TYPES OF SOCIAL INSURANCE 
231
A. Work Accident and Occupational Diseases Insurance 
231
B. Illness Insurance 
232
C. Maternity Insurance 
233
D. Disability Insurance 
233
E. Old–Age Insurance 
234
F. Survivors’ Insurance 
235
G. Unemployment Insurance 
235
H. General Health Insurance 
236
IX. PERSONAL RETIREMENT 
236
X. SOCIAL ASSISTANCES AND SERVICES 
236
BIBLIOGRAPHY 
238
CHAPTER 14
TURKISH LAW ON OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
Prof. Dr. M. Refik KORKUSUZ, Asst. Prof. Dr. M. Halit KORKUSUZ 
239
SECTION I TASKS OF THE STATE 
239
I. Importance of Ensuring Occupational Health and Safety 
239
II. Constitutional Basis of Occupational Health and Safety 
239
III. Occupational Health and Safety Regulations 
240
IV. National Council of Occupational Health and Safety 
240
V. Insurance Premium Reinforcement System 
240
VI. Inspection of Occupational Health and Safety 
240
SECTION II EMPLOYERS’ DUTIES AND ORGANIZATION OF THE WORKSITE 
241
I. Employers’ Duties 
241
A. Duty to Take All Necessary Precautions 
241
B. Duty to Supervise 
241
C. Duty of Training and Informing 
241
D. Duty to Perform Risk Assessment 
242
E. Duty to Perform Healthcare Supervision 
242
F. Duty to Report Work Accident and Record Keeping 
243
G. Other Duties 
243
II. Organization of the Worksite about Occupational Health and Safety 
243
A. Committee of Occupational Health and Safety (İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Kurulu) 
243
B. Occupational Safety Experts (İş Güvenliği Uzmanları) 
244
C. Occupational Physicians (İşyeri Hekimleri) 
244
D. Worksite Health and Safety Unit (İşyeri Sağlık ve Güvenlik Birimi) and Health and Safety Joint Unit (Ortak Sağlık ve Güvenlik Birimi) 
245
SECTION III EMPLOYEES’ RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS 
246
I. Employees’ Rights 
246
A. Right to Abstain from Work 
246
B. Right to Participate 
247
C. Right to File a Complaint to Administrative Authorities (İhbar Hakkı) 
247
D. Right to Terminate the Employment Contract with Valid Reason 
248
II. Employees’ Duties 
248
SECTION IV OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY SANCTIONS 
250
I. Administrative Sanctions 
250
A. Administrative Fines 
250
B. Suspension of the work 
250
C. Disqualification from tendering 
251
II. Penal Sanctions 
251
III. Legal Sanctions 
251
BIBLIOGRAPHY 
252
CHAPTER 15
LAW OF COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISE
Res. Asst. Emin ÇAMURCU 
253
SECTION I COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISE 
254
I. Elements of Commercial Enterprise 
254
A. Aiming to Produce an Income Higher Than the Artisan Enterprise 
254
B. Continuity 
254
C. Independence 
255
II. Contracts Related with Commercial Enterprises 
255
SECTION II NOTIONS RELATED TO COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISE 
256
I. MERCHANT 
256
A. Identifying a Merchant 
256
1. Natural Persons 
256
2. Legal Persons 
256
B. Consequences of Being a Merchant 
257
1. Bankruptcy 
257
2. Role of Commercial Usage and Custom 
258
3. Impossibility to Request Reduction of the FeeContractual Penalty 
258
4. Right to Demand Payment of a Remuneration and Interest 
258
II. Commercial Affair (Ticari İş) 
258
A. Presumption of Commercial Affair 
259
B. Consequences of Qualifying an Affair as Commercial Affair 
260
1. Presumption of Joint Liability 
260
2. Interest in Commercial Affairs 
260
3. Statute of Limitation Periods in Commercial Affairs 
261
II. Commercial Clauses 
261
IV. Merchant Assistants 
263
A. Commercial Representative (Ticari Temsilci) 
263
B. Commercial Delegate (Ticari Vekil) 
264
C. Agent (Acente) 
265
BIBLIOGRAPHY 
267
CHAPTER 16
TURKISH COMPANY LAW
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ferna İPEKEL KAYALI 
269
SECTION I OVERVIEW OF COMPANY LAW IN TURKEY 
269
I. GENERAL 
269
II. COMMERCIAL COMPANIES 
270
SECTION II CAPITAL COMPANIES 
272
I. JOINT STOCK COMPANIES 
272
A. General Assembly 
273
B. Board of Directors 
277
C. Shareholders’ Rights 
279
1. Personal Rights of the Shareholders 
279
a. Right of participation in the GM: 
279
b. Right to vote: 
280
c. Right to information and examination: 
280
d. Right to request the appointment of special audit: 
281
e. Right to request the nullity of GM resolutions: 
281
2. Financial Rights of the Shareholders 
282
D. Share Transfer 
282
II. LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANIES 
282
A. General Assembly 
284
B. Directors 
286
C. Share Transfer 
287
BIBLIOGRAPHY 
289
CHAPTER 17
TURKISH LAW OF NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS
Res. Asst. Hasan Onur AKAY 
291
SECTION I GENERAL 
291
I. Definition and Legislation 
291
II. Elements and Characteristics of Negotiable Instruments 
292
A. Elements of Negotiable Instruments 
292
B. Characteristics of Negotiable Instruments 
292
III. Classification of Negotiable Instruments 
293
A. Classification Based on the Right Embodied in the Instrument 
293
1. Instruments Embodying a Monetary Claim (Alacak Senetleri) 
293
2. Commodity Instruments (Emtia Senetleri) 
293
3. Equity/Share Instruments (Pay Senetleri) 
293
4. Instruments That Serve to Participate in Capital Companies (Ortaklığa Katılma Senetleri) 
294
5. Combined Instruments (Karma Nitelikli Senetler) 
294
B. Classification Based on the Transfer Procedure of the Instrument 
294
1. Registered Negotiable Instruments (Nama Yazılı Kıymetli Evrak) 
294
2. Negotiable Instruments Payable to Order (Emre Yazılı Kıymetli Evrak) 
295
3. Negotiable Instruments Payable to Bearer (Hamile/Hamiline Yazılı Kıymetli Evrak) 
295
SECTION II COMMERCIAL PAPERS 
296
I. General 
296
II. Bills of Exchange 
296
A. Form of a Bill of Exchange 
296
B. Transfer of Bills of Exchange 
297
C. Acceptance (Kabul) 
299
D. Recourse for Non–AcceptanceNon–Payment 
300
E. Period of Limitation 
300
III. Promissory Notes 
300
A. General 
300
B. Form of a Promissory Note 
301
C. Period of Limitation 
301
IV. Checks 
302
A. General 
302
B. Form of a Check 
302
C. Period of Presentation 
304
D. Transfer of Checks 
304
E. Recourse for Non–Payment 
305
F. Period of Limitation 
305
BIBLIOGRAPHY 
306
CHAPTER 18
TURKISH MARITIME LAW
Asst. Prof. Dr. Hacı KARA 
307
SECTION I SOURCES OF THE TURKISH MARITIME LAW 
307
I. General 
307
II. Provisions of the Turkish Commercial Code That Are Related With Maritime Commerce 
308
SECTION II SHIP AND OWNERSHIP OF SHIP 
309
I. Vessel (Ship) 
309
A. Definition and Legal Nature 
309
1. Definition 
309
2. Legal Nature 
309
B. Ship’s Register 
309
1. National Ship’s Register 
310
a. The ships which can lawfully be registered in the Ship’s Register 
310
b. The Ships which cannot be registered in the Ship’s Register 
310
2. Turkish International Ship’s Register 
310
II. Exercitor Navis and Operator 
311
A. Exercitor Navis (Donatan) 
311
B. Ship Operator (Disponent Owner) 
311
SECTION III MASTER 
312
SECTION IV MARITIME COMMERCE CONTRACTS 
313
I. Bareboat Charter Party 
313
II. Time Charter Party 
313
III. Contract Of Affreightment 
313
A. Definition and Types of Affreightment Contracts 
314
1. Definition 
314
2. Types 
314
a. Voyage Charter (Sefer Çarteri) 
314
aa. Full Charter (Tam Çarter) 
314
ab. Partial Charter (Kısmi Çarter) 
314
b. Contracts in Liner Shipping (Kırkambar Sözleşmesi) 
314
B. Persons Involved in the Affreightment Contract 
314
1. Carrier 
314
2. Charterer 
315
3. Shipper 
315
4. Consignee (Receiver) 
315
C. Liability of the Carrier 
315
1. Duration for Which the Carrier is Liable 
315
2. Duration for Acceptance of Delay and the Loss of Goods 
316
IV. Contract of Carriage of Passengers 
316
SECTION V MARINE ACCIDENTS 
317
I. General Average 
317
II. Collision 
317
III. Salvage 
317
SECTION VI MARITIME LIENS AND ENFORCEMENT 
318
I. Maritime Liens 
318
II. Maritime Enforcement 
318
SECTION VII LIMITATION OF LIABILITY AND COMPENSATION OF LOSSES ARISING FROM OIL POLLUTION 
321
I. Liability for Sea Pollution 
321
II. Limitation of Liability 
321
BIBLIOGRAPHY 
322
CHAPTER 19
TURKISH INSURANCE LAW
Assoc. Prof. Dr. M. Barış GÜNAY 
325
SECTION I INTRODUCTION 
325
SECTION II THE INSURANCE ACT (LAW NO. 5684) 
327
I. Insurance and Reinsurance Companies (Sigorta ve Reasürans Şirketleri) 
327
II. Intermediaries (Sigorta Aracıları) 
327
III. Supervision 
328
IV. Assurance Account (Güvence Hesabı) 
328
V. Insurance Arbitration Scheme (Sigorta Tahkim Sistemi) 
328
SECTION III INSURANCE CONTRACTS 
330
I. General Provisions 
330
A. Obligations and Duties of the Insurer 
331
1. Obligation to carry the risk 
331
2. Pre–contractual information duty 
331
3. Obligation to issue and deliver policy 
332
4. Obligation to pay expenses 
332
5. Obligation to pay indemnity 
332
B. Obligations and Duties of the Insured 
332
1. Obligation to pay premium 
332
2. Duty of disclosure 
333
3. Duty to Provide Information and to Allow Investigation 
333
4. Duty to Prevent LossIncrease in Loss 
333
II. Special Provisions 
334
A. Indemnity Insurances (Zarar Sigortaları) 
334
1. Property Insurance (Mal Sigortası) 
334
2. Liability Insurance (Sorumluluk Sigortası) 
334
B. Personal Insurances (Can Sigortaları) 
335
1. Life Insurance (Hayat Sigortası) 
335
2. Accident Insurance (Kaza Sigortası) 
335
3. Sickness Insurance and Health Insurance (Hastalık ve Sağlık Sigortası) 
335
BIBLIOGRAPHY 
336
CHAPTER 20
TURKISH INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW
Res. Asst. Dr. Özgür ARIKAN 
337
SECTION I Trade Mark Law 
338
I. Definition and Registrability of Trade Mark 
338
II. Functions of Trade Mark 
339
III. Registration of Trade Mark 
339
IV. Absolute and Relative Grounds for Refusal 
340
V. Trade Mark Protection 
343
VI. Duration of Trade Mark Registration 
344
SECTION II Patent Law 
345
I. Patentability 
345
II. Registration, Grant and Ownership of Patent 
346
III. Employee Inventions 
347
IV. Duration 
348
V. Protection of Patent 
348
VI. Infringement of Patent Rights 
349
BIBLIOGRAPHY 
350
CHAPTER 21
TURKISH CIVIL PROCEDURE LAW
Res. Asst. Elif Irmak KILIÇ 
351
I. General 
351
II. Competence and Venue: Where to Commence an Action 
352
A. Jurisdictional Branches and Court Organization 
352
B. Competence and Venue 
352
III. LAWSUIT 
355
A. General 
355
B. Parties 
355
C. Phases of a Lawsuit 
357
1. Exchange of Petitions (Pleading) Phase (Dilekçeler Aşaması) 
357
2. Preliminary Investigation Phase (Ön İnceleme Aşaması) 
358
3. Investigation Phase (Tahkikat) 
359
4. Oral Hearings and Rendering of the Verdict (Sözlü Yargılama ve Hükmün Verilmesi) 
360
IV. Interim Measures (Geçici Hukuki Korumalar) 
360
V. Legal Remedies 
361
A. General 
361
B. Appeal Procedure After the Launch Date of Regional Courts of Appeal (Provisions in the CCP Law No. 6100) 
362
BIBLIOGRAPHY 
365
CHAPTER 22
TURKISH EXECUTION LAW
Res. Asst. Nefise Gökçen GÜRCAN 
367
I. General 
367
II. Scope of Application 
368
III. Basic Concepts and Organization of Turkish Execution Law 
368
A. Credit–Debt and Creditor–Debtor in the EBC 
368
B. The Executive Organization 
369
1. Execution Offices (Art. 1 EBC) (İcra Daireleri) 
369
2. Execution Courts (Art. 4 EBC) (İcra Mahkemeleri) 
369
3. Relevant Chambers of the Supreme Court 
371
IV. Complaint Procedure (Art. 16 – 18 EBC) (Şikayet) 
371
A. Legal Character and Function of the Complaint Procedure 
371
B. Grounds for Complaint 
372
1. Unlawfulness of the Execution Offices’ Actions 
372
2. Inappropriateness of the Act to the Circumstances 
372
3. Failure to Implement a Right 
373
4. Impediment of Observance of a Right Without a Cause 
373
C. Procedure 
373
1. Limitation Period 
374
2. Competence and Venue 
374
V. Types of Execution Procedures 
374
A. General 
374
B. General Attachment Procedure (Art. 46–144 EBC) (Genel Haciz Yoluyla Takip) 
375
1. Request for Execution (Art. 58 EBC) (Takip Talebi) 
375
2. Order of Payment (Art. 60–61 EBC) (Ödeme Emri) 
376
3. Attachment (Art. 78 et seq. EBC) 
376
4. Sale of the Attached Goods (Art. 106–137 EBC) 
377
5. Reimbursement of the Creditor (Art. 138–144/a EBC) 
378
VI. Provisional Attachment Procedure (İhtiyati Haciz) 
378
A. General 
378
B. Definition and Legal Character of Provisional Attachment 
378
C. Conditions of Provisional Attachment 
379
1. Provisional Attachment for Due Debts 
379
2. Provisional Attachment for Deferred Debts 
380
D. Procedure 
380
BIBLIOGRAPHY 
382
CHAPTER 23
TURKISH BANKRUPTCY AND INSOLVENCY LAW
Res. Asst. Mehmet Akif GÜL 
383
I. Turkish Bankruptcy Law 
383
A. General 
383
B. Bankruptcy Bodies 
384
1. Official Bodies 
384
a. Fundamental Official Bodies 
384
aa. Execution Office 
384
ab. Bankruptcy Office 
385
ac. Execution Court 
385
ad. Commercial Court of First Instance 
385
ae. Court of Appeal 
386
b. Subsidiary Official Bodies 
386
2. Non–Official Bodies 
386
C. Grounds for Bankruptcy 
386
II. Turkish Insolvency Law 
387
A. Postponement of Bankruptcy (İflâsın Ertelenmesi) 
387
1. Grounds for Postponement of Bankruptcy 
388
a. Procedural Grounds 
388
aa. Declaration of Over–indebtedness 
388
ab. Request for Postponement of Bankruptcy 
388
ac. Submission of the Balance–Sheet 
388
ad. Submission of the Rehabilitation Project 
389
ae. Payment of the Costs in Advance 
389
af. Not to Have Availed of the Extraordinary Grace Period (Fevkalâde Mühlet) 
389
b. Substantive Grounds 
389
ba. Over–indebtedness 
389
bb. Hope to Ensure the Continuance of the Company 
390
bc. Protection of Creditors’ Rights 
390
B. Reorganisation (Konkordato) 
390
1. Ordinary Reorganisation (Adî Konkordato) 
391
a. Reorganisation outside Bankruptcy (İflâs Dışı Konkordato) 
391
aa. Reorganisation Proposal 
391
ab. Examination of the Reorganisation Proposal 
391
ac. Respite for Concordat 
391
ad. Results of the Respite for Concordat 
392
ae. Annulment of the Respite for Concordat 
392
af. Creditors’ Meeting 
393
ag. Approval of the Reorganisation Project 
393
ah. Annulment of the Reorganisation Project 
394
b. Reorganisation within Bankruptcy (İflâs İçi Konkordato) 
394
2. Reorganisation by way of Abandonment of the Debtor’s Assets (Malvarlığının Terki Suretiyle Konkordato) 
395
C. Restructuring of Capital Stock Companies and Cooperatives by Way of Conciliation (Sermaye Şirketleri ve Kooperatiflerin Uzlaşma Yoluyla Yeniden Yapılandırılması) 
396
III. Action for Rescission of Disposition – Actio Pauliana (Tasarrufun İptali Davası) 
398
BIBLIOGRAPHY 
400
CHAPTER 24
TURKISH PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW
Res. Asst. Kazım ÇINAR 
403
SECTION I GENERAL INTRODUCTION 
403
SECTION II CONFLICT OF LAWS 
405
I. General Issues 
405
II. Conflict of Law Provisions 
406
SECTION III INTERNATIONAL PROCEDURAL LAW 
410
I. Jurisdictional Immunity 
410
II. International Jurisdiction of Turkish Courts 
411
III. Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments 
412
IV. International Arbitration 
413
SECTION IV TURKISH CITIZENSHIP LAW 
415
I. General 
415
II. Acquisition of Turkish Citizenship 
415
III. Loss of Turkish Citizenship 
417
A. Loss of Turkish citizenship by decision of the competent authority 
417
B. Loss of Turkish Citizenship by the use of the right of choice 
418
SECTION V LAW OF FOREIGNERS 
420
I. General 
420
II. Residence Permit 
421
III. Work Permit 
421
IV. Possession of Land in Turkey 
422
BIBLIOGRAPHY 
424
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